Internal-combustion engine



Augie 30, 1927. I

c. G. A, RosN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Feb.l4. 1924 INVENTOR. G. 6 H @0667) B y @MW ATTORNEY Patented Aug 30, 1927.

- UNITED STATES PATENT'OFFICE.

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Application med February 14, 1924. Serial No. 898,750.

Another object of the invention 18 130 provide means of the character described which will cause the air, durihg the completion of the compression stroke, to be projected toward the fuel spray with greatly increased velocity. v

The invention possesses other objects and features of advantage, some of which, with the foregoing, will be set forth in the follow ing description of the preferred form of my invention which is illustrated in the drawing accompanying and forming part of the specification. It is to be understood that I do. not limit myself to the showing made by the said drawing and description, 1151 may adopt variations of the preferred form within the scope of my invention as set forth in the claimsj The drawing is a longitudinal sectional view of the c linder and head portion of an internal com 'ustion engine embodying my invention.

As illustrated, the engine 2 comprises a cylinder 3 having a head 4 at one end thereof and a piston 6 mounted for-reciprocation in the cylinder bore. 'In the present embodiment of the invention, air may be introduced into the cylinder and the exhaust gases discharged therefrom through a passage 11 controlled by a single over ead poppet valve 12 which 1s coaxial with the cylinder. The valve is associated with a ported sleeve 13 which alternately allows communication of passage 11 with the air inlet and exhaust passages 14 and 15 respectively.

Solid injection of fuel into the cylinder is afforded through a suitabl operated needle valve 16from which the uel is adapted to be sprayed into the head end of the cylinder diametrically thereof.

Centrally disposed in the cylinder head and preferably extending from the passage 11 is a cavity 17 which is adapted .to form a large part, if not the largest, of the combustion chamber of the cylinder. The fuel spray is projected into the combustion c amber through a suitable passage 18 which is formed in the head and arranged to connect the fuel valve discharge orifice with said chamber cavity.

Cooperating means are provided on the piston and cylinder head for causin the greatest compression of air in the cylinder during the completion of the compression stroke to take place in that portion of the combustion chamber in which the fuel spray is most widely distributed and while the fuel particles still possess the desired penetrative energy. Formed in the head end of the piston is a concavity 19 having a base portion 21 of conoidal form and a rim portion 22 of frustro-conical form, the axes of said portions being respectively disposed in- I through the projection 24, and a portion of the fuel passage 18 extends radially through said extension. B reference to the drawing,

' it will be noted t at an annular depression 26 is defined between the projection 24 and the bore wall, and is adapted to receive the correspondingly formed iston rim 27 when the projection 24 exten s into the piston cavit 22.

With the en ine elements thus constructed and relates, the .o ration during the compression-stroke will be substantially as follows: Assuming that a charge of air has been'introduced into the cylinder, and the piston is nearing the head 4, the presure 1 of the air, due to shape of the piston and head, will at any instant be greatest adjacent the walls of the cylinder, since a greater proportional reduction of volume has here been efl'ected. With the air thus unequally compressed, inward movement thereof results, the velocity of said movement increasing to a maximum as the piston continues on said stroke. It will thus be evident that as the piston rim 27 moves into the de ression 26, the air will be e'ected from sai depression at a high velocity through the narrowing passage defined between opposed sides of the piston cavity 22 and projection 24-. The conoidal stream of air thus discharged from said latter passage strikes thel-walls of the base portion of the piston cavity and is deflected therefrom toward the head cavity 17 so as to intersect the stream of fuel which at this time is introduced into the cylinder. Owing to the peculiar shape of the piston cavity 21 and the movement of the iston, the deflected air is for the most part directed toward a common int in the axis of the fuel stream. In this manner there will be built up at said point a greater air ompression and density than that produced in other portions of the clearance space. By adjustment ofthe fuel nozzle, the fuel stream may be regulated so that when it reaches said air concentration point it will have the necessary distribution with the desired penetrative energy. Owing to the fact that the apex of the piston cavity and the fuel valve orifice lie on 0p osite sides'of the cylinder axis, the air deiliected from the piston will, as a whole move obliquely against the stream rather than with it.

I claim:

1. In an internal combustion engine, acylinder, and a piston reciprocating therein and having at the head end thereof a conoidal depression whose axis forms an acute .angle with the axis of the cylinder and whose base opening is symmetrically disposed about the axis of the cylinder.

2. In an internal combustion engine of the solid injection type, a cylinder, a piston mounted. for reciprocation therein, and provided in its head end with a concavity hav ing a base portion of conoidal form and a rim portion of frustro-conical form, said base portion and rim portion having their axis respectively obliquely and coaxially disposed with respect to the piston axis, a head at one end of said cylinder, and a frustro-coniouter wall formi'n a continuation of the outer Wall of the piston, and a head at one end of said cylinder having a frustro-conical projection corresponding to and arranged to lie in said cavity when the piston is ad jacent said head. i

4. In an internal combustion engine of the solid injection type, a f cylinder, a piston mounted for reciprocation therein and rovided in its head end with a concavity 1av-' ing a base portion of conoidal form and a rim portion of frustro-conical form, said base portion and run portion having their axes respectively oblique and colinear with respect to the piston axis, a head at one end of said cylinder, a frustro-conical projection on said head substantially corresponding to and arranged to lie within said rim portion whenchamber in said projection when the latter lies within the piston cavity.

5. In an internal combustion engine of the solid injection type, a cylinder, a head at one end of said cylinder provided with an annular projection coaxial with said cylinder, a nozzle from which fuel is adapted to be sprayed into the cylinder, a piston mounted for reciprocation in said cylinder and provided with a concavity adapted to-cooperate with said projection to effect at the end of the compression stroke the greatest compression of the air at a point in the direct path of said fuel spray.

6. 11 an internal combustion engine of the solid injection type, a cylinder, and a piston mounted for reciprocation in said cylinder provided with a conoidal concavity having the center of its base lying in the axis of the piston and its vertex in spaced relation from said. axis.

In testimonv whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at akland, California, this 23rd day of January, 1924.

CARL G. A. ROSEN. 

